基于全国大学生物理实验竞赛命题导向的物理实验教学探索

Reform of college physics experiment teaching oriented to the Chinese University Physics Experiment Competition

综合分析了历届全国大学生物理实验竞赛命题的特点和导向,从学生培养、实验室建设和实验教师能力提升等方面探讨物理实验教学改革的方向.全国大学生物理实验竞赛的基础题命题立足于基本知识点的考核,其衍生内容为实验改进提供了思路和素材;综合题的命题体现了聚焦经典物理理论、国际前沿性、技术引领性和综合性的特点,对学生阅读文献能力、融会贯通的物理思维能力、团队合作能力进行了考核.物理实验教学应在一定程度上融入通识教育的内涵,培养学生科学的操作习惯、科学的思维方式.基础物理实验室的建设在注重高精尖测量设备的配套同时,应该保持传统的开放和自组的经典实验,保持一定的通用测量仪器的更新率.专题式实验教学对实验教师的知识体系有了更高的要求,教师既要熟悉基础测量,又要了解科研前沿,紧跟行业进步.

The propositions of the Chinese Undergraduate Physics Experiment Competition were analyzed,and the direction of teaching reform from the aspects of students cultivation,laboratory construction and teachers'ability improvement,was discussed.The propositions of the basic problems were mainly based on the evaluation of basic knowledge points,of which derivative content provided useful enlightenment and methods for the experiment improvement.The propositions of the comprehensive problems focused on classic physics theory,international frontier,cutting-edge technology and comprehensiveness,which provided an effective way for testing of students'reading ability,digesting of physical problems and teamwork ability.Physics experiment teaching should integrate the connotation of general education to some extent,which could help students to form scientific habit and scientific thinking mode.The basic physics laboratories should pay attention to the renewal of high-precision equipment,while preserving the traditional open-formed and self-organized classic experiments and keeping the updating rate of basic equipment.Thematic experimental teaching had higher requirements on the knowledge system of experiment teachers.Teachers should not only master the basic measurement,but also follow the frontiers of research and cutting-edge technology.