非法持有毒品罪的犯罪形态判断——持有三层次说的提出

On Criminal Pattern of the Crime of Illegally Holding Drugs:A Theory of Three Levels of Holding

从所侵害的法益以及持有的含义探究,非法持有毒品罪理应存在犯罪的未完成形态。行为人获得毒品的渠道不同会影响该罪的成立时间,但不会影响该罪的既遂时间。持有作为一种犯罪行为样态,它具有三层次,相应而言,非法持有毒品罪中的“持有”亦可以分为三个层次:准持有、不稳定持有以及稳定持有。达到稳定持有状态是非法持有毒品罪犯罪既遂的必要条件,如果行为人仅达到不稳定持有时可能成立该罪的犯罪预备、未遂和中止。

From the infringement of legal interests and the meaning of holding,the crime of illegally holding drugs should exist in the unfinished form of crime.Different channels for the perpetrator to obtain drugs will affect the establishment time of the crime,but will not affect the completion time of the crime.As a kind of criminal behavior,holding has three levels.Correspondingly,“holding”in the crime of illegally holding drugs can also be divided into three levels:quasi-holding,unstable holding and stable holding.Achieving stable holding is a necessary condition for the accomplishment of the crime of illegally holding drugs.If the perpetrator only achieves unstable holding,he may be convicted of crime preparation,attempt and suspension.