正当防卫中的唯结果论:理论之争与异化根源

The Consequentialism in Justifiable Defense: The Theoretical Controversy and the Origin of Alienation

对于正当防卫中的唯结果论,结果无价值论无法为其形成与强化背书,这不仅是因为持论者错估了刑法理论对司法实践的影响力,更为关键的是结果无价值论与唯结果论之间并无逻辑上的关联,二者体现的是两种根本对立的价值立场。唯结果论的深层成因不在刑法教义学之内,中国人独特的生死观、实用理性思维以及司法裁判将自身的功能错误地定位为纠纷解决等解释,没有触及到问题的根本。法律系统尤其是司法系统并未充分从社会整体结构中分化出来并建构起自己的相对独立性,相反,它还承担着过重的社会治理任务,这才是导致正当防卫制度异化的根本原因,也是唯结果论大行其道的体制根源。

The consequentialism in justifiable defense can not be endorsed by the theory of erfolgsunrecht(result-oriented wrongdoing).This is not only because the scholars misestimated the influence of criminal law theory on judicial practice,but also because there is no logical connection between the theory of erfolgsunrecht and the consequentialism,which embodies two different kinds of value standpoint.The deep cause of the consequentialism is outside the range of criminal legal dogmatics.Interpretations of Chinese unique view of life and death,practical rational thinking and the false orientation of judicial judgment have not touched the base of the problem.The legal system,especially the judicial system,has not fully differentiated from the overall structure of society,and constructs its own relative independence on the premise of such differentiation.On the contrary,it bears an excessive task of social governance.This is the basic reason of the alienation of self-defense system and the institutional root of the prevailing of the consequentialism.