冶炼行业大气排放对周边土壤重金属污染的贡献率研究

Research on the Contribution of Heavy Metals Emission from the Smelting Industry to the Surrounding Soils

以某工业园为例,采用排放因子法估算2010-2016年园区冶炼企业大气重金属的年平均排放量,从污染物种类、时间变化2个方面分析了冶炼企业大气重金属的排放特征,并揭示了其与周边土壤污染的相关性。结果表明:2010-2016年间,冶炼企业大气砷、铅、镉共累积排放649.29 kg,年均增长达44.60%。大气降尘造成土壤中砷、铅、镉年增加值分别占土壤标准值的1.01%、1.02%和3.77%,以此推算,大气降尘造成土壤镉、砷、铅超标的累积时间分别为16 a、31 a、60 a以上;大气砷和铅之间有显著正相关性,土壤中砷-铅、镉-铅、镉-砷之间均具有显著正相关性,说明它们的同源性很高。

Emission factor method was employed to estimate the annual average emissions of the three heavy metals(As,Pb and Cd)in smelting industry from 2010 to 2016 in the present study.The emission characteristics of atmospheric heavy metal from the smelting industry were explored based on pollutant species and temporal distribution,and correlation with soil pollution.Results showed that the total amount of atmospheric heavy metal emissions from smelting enterprises were 649.29 kg with the mean annual growth rate of 44.60%from 2010 to 2016,which was an important source of atmospheric heavy metal pollution in the industrial zone.It’s estimated that atmospheric dust caused increases of As,Pb and Cd in soil,which accounted for soil standard values(Grade II in GB15618-1995)of 1.01%,1.02%and 3.77%,respectively.By the estimation,accumulation times of atmospheric deposition to exceed the standard values of soil cadmium,arsenic,lead were more than 16a,31a,and 60a,respectively.Significant positive correlations were detected between As-Pb in air,and As-Pb,Cr-Pb and Cr-As in soil,suggesting the high homology existed among them.