玉米成熟期抗旱性综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation on Drought Resistance of Maize at Maturity

为筛选抗旱玉米品种,以15份玉米品种为试验材料,在重度干旱胁迫和正常灌水条件下测量成熟期株高、茎粗、穗长、穗质量、穗行数、行粒数、穗粗、轴粗、突尖长、百粒质量、籽粒产量,运用相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数值、聚类分析等方法,对不同玉米品种成熟期抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明,重度干旱胁迫对玉米株高、茎粗、穗长、穗粒数、穗质量、百粒质量等各项指标均产生极显著影响;相关性分析表明,11项指标之间存在一定相关性;主成分分析表明,5个主成分可代替玉米抗旱性87.27%的原始信息;根据抗旱能力综合评价值(D)进行聚类分析,可将供试玉米品种分为4类:第Ⅰ类为高度抗旱型,包括佰青161和中原单32;第Ⅱ类为抗旱型,包括桂青贮、A18/H237和北16/5996;第Ⅲ类为中度抗旱型,包括C5/A18、佰青131、5178/1519、J112/1528、6522/1522、H14/599-2和H237/1506;第Ⅳ类为敏感型,包括佰青178、J152/1506和A3/A28。

In order to identify drought-resistant maize varieties,fifteen maize genotypes were adopted as experimental materials and were planted in severe drought and well-watered conditions.The plant height,stem diameter,ear length,ear weight,numbers of ear rows and grains per row,diameters of ear and axis,bald tip length,100-grain weight,and grain yield were measured under the two contrasted treatments at mature stage.The drought resistance of different maize varieties at maturity was evaluated by a series of methods,including correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function,cluster analysis and other methods.The results showed that severe drought stress exerted significant effect on plant height,stem diameter,ear length,kernel number,ear weight and 100-grain weight.Generally,there were significant correlations among 11 indexes in this study.Principal component analysis showed that 5 principal components could represent 87.27%of the original information of maize resistance.According to the comprehensive evaluation value of drought resistance(D),the tested maize materials could be divided into 4 drought resistant classes.ClassⅠwas highly drought-resistant type,including Baiqing 161 and Zhongyuandan 32.ClassⅡwas drought-resistant type,including Guiqingzhu,A18/H237 and North 16/5996.ClassⅢwas moderate drought-resistant type,including C5/A18,Baiqing 131,5178/1519,J112/1528,6522/1522,H14/599-2 and H237/1506.ClassⅣwas drought susceptible type,including Baiqing 178,J152/1506,and A3/A28.