DOPO阻燃剂对软质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响

Effect of DOPO Flame Retardant on Flame Retardancy of Soft Polyurethane Foam

以聚醚多元醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料、DOPO为添加型阻燃剂,采用一步法制备阻燃软质聚氨酯泡沫(FPUF)。采用氧指数仪、烟密度仪和烟气成分分析仪测试了PU泡沫的氧指数(OI)、烟密度以及一氧化碳(CO)和二氧化碳(CO2)的生成量,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了PU泡沫燃烧后残炭的微观形貌和元素组成。结果表明:与纯PU泡沫相比,当DOPO的用量为4%时,阻燃PU泡沫的OI由18.8%增加至21.2%,CO的生成量由0.092‰稍微增加至0.099‰,残炭率大幅度增加;残炭具有更致密的微观结构,并且含有磷元素。探讨了DOPO在PU泡沫中的阻燃机理,DOPO能够通过捕捉自由基和促进催化成炭而同时发挥气相和凝聚相阻燃作用。

Flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam(FPUF)was prepared by one-step process using polyether polyols and toluene diisocyanate as raw materials and DOPO as additive flame retardant.The oxygen index(OI),smoke density and carbon monoxide(CO)and carbon dioxide(CO2)production of PU foam were tested by oxygen index apparatus,smoke density analyzer and smoke composition analyzer.The microstructure and elemental composition of char residue of PU foam after smoke density tests were analyzed by SEM-EDS.The results show that compared with pure PU foam,when the dosage of DOPO is 4%,the OI of flame retardant PU foam increases from 18.8%to 21.2%,and the amount of CO increases slightly from 0.092‰to 0.099‰,and the carbon residue rate increases significantly.The flame retardant mechanism of DOPO in PU foam is discussed.DOPO can play the role of flame retardation in gas phase and condensed phase by capturing free radicals and promoting catalytic carbonization.