阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备及对聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响

Preparation of Flame Retardant Polyether Polyol and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy of Polyurethane Foam

以三聚氰胺、苯代三聚氰胺、甲醛、聚醚330n合成了一种含氮阻燃醚多元醇(N-RFPMPO),用红外线光谱分析仪(FTIR)对其结构进行了表征。将N-RFPMPO与多聚磷酸铵(APP)、膨胀型石墨(EG)复配用于制备阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUF),通过极限氧指数(LOI)、热重分析、炭层形貌、压缩强度、冲击强度和表观密度对PUF的阻燃性能、热性能、物理性能进行了研究。结果表明:合成产物为N-RFPMPO;N-RFPMPO/APP-EG复配阻燃剂的加入能有效改善PUF的阻燃性能,当添加量为20%时,可以获得综合性能较好的PUF材料,其LOI从18.2%提高到33%;同时最大热降解速率降低了50%,650℃的残炭率最高达到47%;N-RFPMPO的加入不会对PUF的力学性能造成很大的影响,但是N-RFPMPO/APP-EG复配阻燃剂的加入使得PUF的压缩强度与冲击强度略有下降,表观密度上升。通过炭层的SEM分析,证明了阻燃剂的加入使PUF的阻燃性能有了较大改善。

Nitrogen-containing flame retardant polyether polyol(N-RFPMPO)was synthesized from melamine,benzene melamine,formaldehyde and polyether 330 n.The structure was characterized by FTIR.N-RFPMPO and APP-EG were compounded to prepare polyurethane foams(PUF),and the PUF was determined by limiting oxygen index,thermogravimetric analysis,carbon layer morphology,compressive strength,impact strength and apparent density.The flame retardant properties,thermal properties and physical properties were studied.The results show that the synthetic product is N-RFPMPO;the addition of N-RFPMPO/APP-EG compound flame retardant can effectively improve the flame retardant performance of PUF.When the addition amount is 20%,the PUF material with better comprehensive properties can be obtained,and its LOI increases from 18.2%to 33%.At the same time,the maximum thermal degradation rate is reduced by 50%,and the maximum residual carbon rate is 47%at 650℃.The addition of N-RFPMPO will not affect the mechanical properties of PUF greatly,but the addition of N-RFPMPO/APP-EG flame retardant makes the compressive strength and impact strength of PUF decrease slightly and the apparent density increase.The SEM analysis of the carbon layer proves that the addition of flame retardant improves the flame retardancy of PUF greatly.