摘要
Rapid developments in information and communication technology in recent years have posed a significant challenge in wireless multimedia sensor networks(WMSNs).End-to-end delay and reliability are the critical issues in multimedia applications of sensor networks.In this paper we provide a new cross-layer approach for provisioning the end-to-end delay of the network at a desirable level of the packet delivery ratio(PDR),used here as a measure of network reliability.In the proposed multi-level cross-layer(MLCL)protocol,the number of hops away from the sink is used to set a level for each node.A packet is routed through the path with the minimum hop count to the sink using this level setting.The proposed protocol uses cross-layer properties between the network and medium access control(MAC)layers to estimate the minimum delay,with which a node can deliver a packet to the sink.When a node wants to send a packet,the MLCL protocol compares this minimum delay with the time to live(TTL)of a packet.If the TTL of the packet is higher than the minimum delay,the node sends the packet through the path with the minimum delay;otherwise,the node drops the packet as the node cannot deliver it to the sink within the TTL duration.This packet dropping improves network performance because the node can send a useful packet instead of an unusable packet.The results show a superior performance in terms of end-to-end delay and reliability for the proposed protocol compared to state-of-the-art protocols.
Rapid developments in information and communication technology in recent years have posed a significant challenge in wireless multimedia sensor networks(WMSNs). End-to-end delay and reliability are the critical issues in multimedia applications of sensor networks. In this paper we provide a new cross-layer approach for provisioning the end-to-end delay of the network at a desirable level of the packet delivery ratio(PDR), used here as a measure of network reliability. In the proposed multi-level cross-layer(MLCL) protocol, the number of hops away from the sink is used to set a level for each node. A packet is routed through the path with the minimum hop count to the sink using this level setting. The proposed protocol uses cross-layer properties between the network and medium access control(MAC) layers to estimate the minimum delay, with which a node can deliver a packet to the sink. When a node wants to send a packet, the MLCL protocol compares this minimum delay with the time to live(TTL) of a packet. If the TTL of the packet is higher than the minimum delay, the node sends the packet through the path with the minimum delay; otherwise, the node drops the packet as the node cannot deliver it to the sink within the TTL duration. This packet dropping improves network performance because the node can send a useful packet instead of an unusable packet. The results show a superior performance in terms of end-to-end delay and reliability for the proposed protocol compared to state-of-the-art protocols.
基金
project supported by the Shahid Chamran Univesity of Ahvaz(No.96/3/02/16670)
