美国干热岩地热资源勘查开发现状、战略与启示

Current Status and Strategies of Exploration and Development of Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy in the United States and Implications for China

干热岩蕴藏着巨大的热能,是美国长期关注和探索开发的新能源之一。美国40余年的探索实践表明:虽然干热岩开发利用的EGS工程具有很大的风险和不确定性,但是其商业化的技术障碍是可以克服和解决的。基于EGS研发现状与面临的主要问题,美国能源部于2012年提出了干热岩地热资源EGS工程研发的战略目标:到2020年实现EGS示范工程5MW发电运行,单位发电成本从2011年的0.24美元/kW·h降低到2030年的0.06美元/kW·h,并从勘查、储层建造和运行发电三个方面确定了技术研发路线图。本文在综述美国干热岩地热资源勘查开发现状与战略的基础上,提出了加快我国干热岩资源勘查开发的相关建议。

Due to its huge energy potential, hot dry rock is one of new energies which the United States has been exploring and developing since early 1970 s. The experience of past 40 years in the US implies that, enhanced geothermal system(EGS) for hot dry rock exploitation carries significant risk and uncertainty, but fundamental barriers to commercialization are surmountable. On the basis of EGS development trends and critical problems, U. S. Department of Energy(DOE) presented its strategic goal: to demonstrate the ability to create a 5 MW reservoir by 2020, and ultimately will lower the Levelized Cost of Energy(LCOE) to 0.06 $/kWh by 2030 from the year 2011’s LCOE of 0.24 $/kWh. Three roadmaps were brought forward in terms of the categories Characterize, Create and Operate. This paper reviews the development status of exploration and development of hot dry rocks and future strategies in the United States, and proposes some suggestions for China to accelerate its EGS development.