对不同类型生态产品价值实现方式的思考

Reflections on the Value Realization of Different Types of Eco-product

我国的各种生态产品可主要分为两大基本类型,即公益型(性)生态产品和非公益型(性)生态产品。价值有有形价值和无形价值之分。本文认为,公益性生态产品应以实现其无形价值为主、有形价值为辅。对于非公益型生态产品,在市场经济条件下,在注重实现其无形价值的同时,也应注重实现其有形价值。本文认为,对于公益型生态产品而言,其目的的不断实现过程就是其价值的不断实现过程。对于非公益性生态产品,其有形价值的实现可主要通过门票收入或类似的收取观赏费、访问费、体验费、参观费等方式实现,也可结合其他一些方式和途径共同实施,如一体化餐饮住宿发展、生态文化创意发展、生态农产品种植和采摘业发展等。本文也讨论了生态税与生态建设税设立、生态产品建设中的均衡原则以及荒山、荒野、荒漠、荒丘、荒滩与生态产品开发问题。

According to the characteristics of public attributes of ecological products,various eco-products in China can be mainly falled into two basic types:one is public welfare eco-products and the other is non-public ones.And value can be divided into tangible value and intangile value.This paper thinks that,for public eco-products,their intangible value should be realized as a dominant goal and tangible one as a subsidiary.While for the non-public ones,under the condition of market economy,it should be focused more on the realization of their tangible value than their intangile benefit.Also,the paper thinks that,for the public eco-products,the process of realizing their purpose is the process of realizing their value.And for non-public ones,their tangible value can be realized mainly through ticket revenue or similar ways of charging viewing,visiting and experience fees,together with other ways and approaches.