船舶波浪载荷与砰击载荷的大尺度模型水弹性试验研究

Study on wave loads and slamming loads of a ship by large-scale model hydroelastic experiment

波浪诱导船体梁的水弹性振动及外飘砰击载荷是船舶设计建造中所重点关注的结构强度及载荷响应问题。现有的船舶波浪载荷水池模型试验存在尺度效应明显、波浪环境不真实、模型航行范围受限等缺点。为此,提出了实际海浪环境下船舶大尺度分段自航模型的波浪载荷及砰击载荷试验技术,并详细介绍了大尺度分段模型水弹性试验设计及数据分析方法。介绍了弹性模型龙骨梁的设计及船体湿模态测试分析方法,基于近海测试数据分析了实海况下船舶波浪载荷与水弹性振动的短期预报及响应统计值,研究了三维海况下艏部砰击诱导的瞬态冲击载荷及全船颤振响应特性。

The predictions of wave-induced hull girder hydroelastic vibrations and bow flare slamming loads are important for structural strength and load response issues during ship design and construction.The classical small-scale ship model wave load tests in the towing tank are associated with limitations such as pronounced scale effects,artificially generated waves,and limited model navigational range.The self-propelled large-scale model wave loads testing technique was proposed in this paper.The experimental setup and data analysis method were described in details.The design of backbone for the segmented model and vibration modal results were reported at first.Then wave-induced hull hydroelastic vibrations and impact loads were analyzed based on the large-scale model sea trial measurement data.The bow slamming loads and global whipping responses of hull in three-dimensional waves were finally analyzed.