诺如病毒的致病机制及诊断

Pathogenesis and diagnosis of norovirus

诺如病毒(Norovirus,NoV)是引起全人群急性胃肠炎暴发和流行的主要病原体,也是引起食源性疾病的最常见非细菌性病原体。由于缺少有效的小型动物及培养细胞研究模型,目前对NoV感染的致病机制尚不清楚。NoV实验室诊断技术发展成熟,尤其是近年来新技术的应用将进一步推动其诊断水平的提高,满足公共卫生和临床诊疗的新需求。

Noroviruses are the most important viral pathogens causing epidemic acute gastroenteritis infecting people of all ages around the world.The viruses are responsible for the most common non-bacterial foodborne outbreaks of diarrhea.Due to the lack of an effective cell culture or small animal research model,the pathogenesis of norovirus infection and illness remains unclear.By contrast,norovirus laboratory diagnostic technologies are well developed.The recent applications of new technologies are further enhancing the development of diagnostic tools to meet the needs of public health and clinical diagnosis and treatment.