电催化固氮的研究进展与挑战

Progress and challenges in electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen

氨是一种重要的化工原料,主要通过传统Haber-Bosch工艺制备,该工艺有一定局限性,如耗能高,污染大,对环境造成较大影响。以氮气为原料,在常温、常压下合成氨气是目前化学领域的研究热点之一。分析几种产氨方法,其中电催化还原氮气产氨具有良好的应用前景。介绍电还原产氨原理及目前较为常用的电催化剂贵金属催化剂、非贵金属-金属催化剂和非金属催化剂,并对目前该领域遇到的挑战进行总结。

As an important chemical raw material,ammonia is mainly produced by the traditional Haber-Bosch process,which has certain limitations such as high energy consumption,severe pollution,and negative impacts on the environment.The synthesis of ammonia from dinitrogen at ambient temperature and pressure is one of the most attractive highlights in the field of chemistry.In this review,several methods of ammonia production are introduced,among which electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen to ammonia shows good application.The mechanisms of electrocatalytic ammonia production are also introduced firstly,and then three kinds of electrocatalysts commonly used are described,including precious metal catalysts,non-precious metal-based catalysts and non-metal catalysts.Finally,the challenges are outlined in this emerging field.