从PNAS、Nature等名刊探讨实证研究的形式逻辑

Formal Logic of Empirical Research from Several Famous Journals Including PNAS,Nature,etc

中国的科技期刊总体上与国际高水平期刊还有差距,而我国本土科研论文质量也突显两级分化,其中一个重要的差距是对实证研究论文的形式逻辑尚未明确归纳出一个系统简洁的模型作为研究和写作的工具。明确构建了一个简易的系统模型。从PNAS、Nature、Journal of Ethnopharmacology等国际知名期刊提取了6篇药学和植物学论文,观察整体结构,重点分析题目、摘要和引言。6篇论文均含有相同的逻辑模式。这个模型是一个封闭环路,其分类层次有2级,初级分层为“提问”与“解答”;“提问”再分为“背景”、“冲突”和“疑问”等3个组件;“解答”再分为“假设”“立论依据”“方案”“方法”“结果”和“结论”6个组件。从逻辑角度明确了9个组件的定义,特别是明确了“假设”与“结论”的逻辑关系。对6篇论文的分析结果,支持这个简易系统模型及其分类层级。

China is lagging behind the developed countries in journal quantity and quality,and Chinese journals have unbalanced development in quality.As a result of the laggard,the formal logic of empirical research is unfamiliar by Chinese authors.It is important to establish a simple and systematic model as a thinking tool for scientific writing.A total of six original papers are sampled from PNAS,Nature,Journal of Ethnopharmacology and so on,which are analyzed in text structure,especially title,abstract,and introduction.All samples share the same model that is a closed loop.The model is seperated into problem and reply.Problem is further classified into three sections including background,complication and question.Reply is classified into six sections including hypothesis,rationale,solution,methods,results and conclusion.This paper logically defines the nine sections,especially hypothesis and conclusion.The analysis of the six samples coincides with the model and the classification.