反思“五四”:中西古今关系再平衡

Reflection on the May Fourth Movement:Rebalance between China and the West,and the Ancient and Modern

自五四新文化运动以来,如何把握中西古今关系这一命题贯穿了百年中国现代史,直到今天仍是人们所关注的重大理论问题.本期推出的这组笔谈,从政治学、哲学、文学、历史等不同角度,对这一问题进行了新的探索.任剑涛先生认为,风雷激荡的“五四”彻底终结了帝制复辟图谋,从根本上拯救了现代共和,并宣告了共和才是中国现代建国的政治理想与现实路径;陈卫平先生辨析了“五四”与全盘反传统、建设中国文化新形态、马克思主义中国化、新民主主义革命四个方面的关系,以期在社会科学知识体系中重建“五四”叙事;谭好哲先生提出,五四“文学革命”确立了具有现代意识的“人生论”文学观,奠定了中国现代性新文学直面现实人生,注重人生改造、人性解放、精神启蒙的优秀传统,反思和总结中国文学的百年历程,必须重视“人生论”文学观及其人道主义思想内核的精神启蒙价值和文学范式意义;方朝晖先生将中国文化心理特征概括为此岸取向、关系本位、团体主义,认为中国的现代性迄今仍没找到自己的恰当定位,根本原因在于我们对这一深层心理结构了解不够深刻;魏建先生以 女神 为例,通过这部最能体现“五四”抒情文学创作实绩之代表作的研究,总结了“五四”文学研究的历史教训;刘悦笛先生从世界文明的大脉络当中重新审视“五四”,认为20世纪以来的“中国启蒙”,在结合本土传统后,可以为世界文明提供一种新的发展范式.六篇笔谈从各自不同的视角,为肯定“五四”的价值,提供了新的向度与新的思考,对于相关研究将有启发和推动作用.

Since the May Fourth Movement,the proposition that how to deal with the relation between China and the West,as well as the one between the ancient and the modern has run through modern Chinese history,and this group of writing conversations make new discussions in the perspectives of politics,philosophy,literature,history,and so on.Ren Jiantao holds that the May Fourth Movement conclusively ended the imperial restoration,saved modern republicanism,and declared that only republicanism is the political ideal and realistic path to found a nation in modern China,henceforth the imperial system retreated from the historical stage.Chen Weiping analyses the relation between the May Fourth Movement with overall anti-tradition,construction of new form of Chinese culture,localization of Marxism in China,and new democratic revolution in order to reconstruct the“May Fourth”narrative in the knowledge system of social sciences.Tan Haozhe proposes that the“literary revolution”established the literary idea on human life with modern consciousness,and laid foundation of the excellent tradition which pays attention to life renovation,humanity liberation,and spiritual enlightenment.Fang Zhaohui summarizes Chinese cultural psychological characteristics as this shore approach,relationship orientation,and collectivism,and he thinks that modernity has not found proper location in China till today just because we do not know enough about the deep mental structure.Wei Jian summarizes the historical lesson in studies of the“May Fourth”literature through the case of Guo Moruo’s“Goddess,”the most representative works in lyric literature at that time.Liu Yuedi advocates to reexamine the May Fourth movement in the context of world civilization,and believes that the“Chinese Enlightenment”since the 20th century can provide a new development paradigm for world civilization after combining with its local tradition.