青藏高寒区退化草地生态恢复:退化现状、恢复措施、效应与展望

Ecological restoration of degraded grassland in Qinghai-Tibet alpine region: Degradation status, restoration measures, effects and prospects

青藏高寒区属于独特而典型的高原生态系统,草地生态系统作为其重要组成部分,在对高寒区生态安全以及农牧民生计的维系中,占有举足轻重的地位。目前,青藏高寒区的草地生态系统退化严重,因此该区退化草地的生态恢复工作是国家生态工作的重中之重。近年来,已有大量研究提出了各种有效的恢复手段,但缺乏因地制宜的系统性总结和论述。基于此,在已有研究的基础上,阐述了青藏高寒区退化草地现状,总结了高寒区各生态类型分区的主要生态问题,明确了不同集成技术与模式的适用区域和范围,同时对这些技术、措施和模式的恢复效果和恢复机制进行分析和讨论。并对未来高寒草地生态系统的研究进行了展望,以期为青藏高寒区退化草地的恢复治理、高寒草地生态系统结构和功能稳定性维系提供系统的理论基础与技术支撑。

The Qinghai Tibet alpine region is a typical plateau ecosystem with unique features.As an important part of the grassland ecosystem,it plays an important role in the ecological security of the alpine region and the livelihood of farmers and herdsmen.At present,the grassland ecosystem in the Qinghai Tibet alpine region is seriously degraded.Therefore,ecological restoration of degraded grasslands is the main priority in this area. In recent years, a large number of studiesproposed various effective recovery methods, but there is no systematic summary and discussion of local conditions. Basedon these findings as well as on the relevant literature, this paper explains the status of degraded grasslands in the alpineregion of Qinghai Tibet in detail, summarizes the main ecological problems of various ecological types in this region, andclarifies the scope of application of different integration technologies and models. We analyzed and discussed the recoverymechanisms of these technologies, measures, and models. Future research of the alpine grassland ecosystem is necessary inorder to provide a systematic theoretical basis and technical support for the restoration and control of degraded grasslands inalpine and cold regions of Qinghai and Tibet, as well as to ensure the structural and functional stability of the alpinegrassland ecosystem.