泥土微生物检验及其在法庭科学中的应用

Soil Microbiological Examination and Its Forensic Application

泥土物证的检验一向归属于微量物证的检验范畴,但随着生物技术的发展和方法的成熟,近年来越来越多的法庭科学工作者开始关注泥土中微生物物证的检验分析。泥土是微生物的大本营,其中蕴含着极为丰富的微生物信息,这些微生物的种类和数量可以反映泥土的很多特征,如可能的来源区域及其气候特点与土地利用方式等。泥土微生物检验是一个新兴的物证研究方向,具有极大的应用潜力,集成有信息量巨大、区分精度高、检验所需样品量少等优点。通过泥土微生物的比对分析或来源推断,可为某些疑难案件侦破提供方向、线索或证据。本文就泥土微生物物证的特点、研究方法、应用价值等方面进行综述,并提出需要解决的问题,以期为进一步深入研究应用泥土微生物辅助破案提供借鉴与参考。

The examination of soil evidence has long been assorted into the physicochemical testing of trace evidence.Presently,more and more researchers are focusing on analyzing the soil-bred microorganisms with the development of biotechnology and relevant mature methods.Soil is one base camp of microorganisms from which their most abundant information can be obtained so that many soil-related features of,e.g.,the likely area and its climate as well as the way of soil utilization,would be indicated with the characteristic microbial species and population.The examination of soil microorganism is a new focal research,accumulating great applicable potentials for forensic science because of such many advantages as enormous information,high discriminating accuracy and trace dosage of used material.In some cases difficult to solve,the evidential soil microorganism may even provide crucial clues or new evidence by comparative analysis and/or provenience judgment from the involved soil microorganisms.In this paper,the soil microbiological evidence was reviewed on its concept,characteristics,practical value,and the potential problems necessary to be resolved.With the introduction to the latest researches home and abroad,available references should be offered for both the further study of soil microbial analysis and the forensic application of soil microbiology.