功能语言学视角下公诉人指控犯罪的话语分析

The Discourse Analysis of Prosecuting in Court from the Perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics

随着庭审制度改革的深入,公诉人在庭审中的职责不断被强化。基于系统功能语言学相关理论,采用语篇分析等质性研究方法分析公诉人采用何种话语策略达到指控犯罪的目的。研究结果表明:在询问被告人时,公诉人使用了“去情态化”和“附加环境性因素”的讯问方式向法庭呈现指控的犯罪事实;在发表公诉意见时,公诉人通过使用不同的态度资源与对比积极和消极的态度资源向法庭陈述指控的依据。在庭审中,公诉人只有根据实际情况,合理运用这些语言策略,才能准确、高效地代表国家行使指控犯罪的权力。

The duty of the prosecutor in Chinese courtroom is intensified with the revolution of the judicial system.The prosecutor is endowed with the power to charge crimes on behalf of the nation.Therefore,their language is an important part of judicial justice.Within the theoretical framework of systematic functional linguistics,what linguistic strategies are employed by the prosecutor to achieve the purpose of charging crimes is explored via qualitative analysis.The research result shows that the strategies of"de-modalization"and"circumstance adjuncts"are commonly used by the prosecutor in courtroom investigation to present the criminal facts.The prosecutor often uses different attitude resources and contrasts positive and negative attitudes to declare the reasons of prosecution.In the trial,the public prosecutor should use these linguistic strategies reasonably according to the actual situation in order to accurately and efficiently exercise the power to accuse crime on behalf of the country.