油茶优树种实性状、含油率及脂肪酸组成变异研究

Study on the variation of seed and cone traits, oil content and fatty acid composition for plus-tree fruits Camellia oleifera

对193株油茶优树的种实性状和67株油茶优树含油率及脂肪酸组成变异进行研究,结果表明:(1)油茶优树的鲜出籽率、单果重、果高、果径、果形指数、果皮厚、单果籽数的均值分别为43.74%、19.09 g、3.36 cm、3.27 cm、1.0333、0.27 cm、4.59个,各种实性状存在较大差异,变异程度排序依次为单果重>单果籽数>果皮厚>果径>果高>鲜出籽率>果形指数;(2)油茶优树的种仁含油率、脂肪酸组成存在较大差异,其中仁含油率为26.44%~59.00%(均值47.69%),油酸含量为74.91%~85.91%(均值81.19%),亚油酸含量为5.43%~12.56%(均值7.80%),硬脂酸含量为0.42%~3.77%(均值1.78%),棕榈酸含量为5.27%~11.05%(均值8.20%)。变异系数硬脂酸最大,达到40.75%,其次分别是亚油酸和棕榈酸,变异系数分别为21.67%和15.74%,最小的是油酸,仅为3.04%;(3)种实性状之间、脂肪酸组成之间有多个性状存在一定相关性。

The variation of 193 seed and cone traits and 67 oil content and fatty acid composition for plus-tree fruits Camellia oleifera were studied.The results showed that:(1)The average seed yield,single fruit weight,fruit height,fruit diameter,fruit shape index,fruit peel thickness and single fruit seed number for plus-tree fruits of C.oleifera were 43.74%,19.09 g,3.36 cm,3.27 cm,1.0333,0.27 cm,4.59,respectively.There were large differences in various seed and cone traits.The order of variability was single fruit weight>single fruit seed number>fruit husk thickness>fruit diameter>fruit height>fresh seed yield>fruit shape index.(2)There were large differences in oil content and fatty acid composition for plus-tree fruits of C.oleifera,which has kernel oil content of 26.44%~59.00%(average 47.69%)and oleic acid content of 74.91%~85.91%(average 81.19%),the linoleic acid content was 5.43%~12.56%(average 7.80%),the stearic acid content was 0.42%~3.77%(average 1.78%),the palmitic acid content was 5.27%~11.05%(average 8.20%).The coefficient of variation of stearic acid was the highest,reaching 40.75%,followed by linoleic acid and palmitic acid,the coefficient of variation was 21.67%and15.74%,respectively,and the smallest was oleic acid,only 3.04%.(3)There were certain correlations between number of traits of the solid traits and the fatty acid composition.