tRNA衍生片段在肿瘤中的研究进展

Research advances of tRNA-derived fragments in tumors

tRNA衍生片段(tRNA-derived fragments,tRF&tiRNA)为近年来新发现的一类非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),其在外周血循环中表达稳定.tRF&tiRNA通过调控基因表达与基因沉默、调节细胞增殖与凋亡、调节翻译等方式在人类肿瘤中发挥重要作用.tRF&tiRNA组织特异性、高度丰富且稳定、广泛存在的特征使其在肿瘤领域的研究中具有明显优势.tRF&tiRNA的异常表达可能为肿瘤中潜在的诊断、预后判断的生物标志物或治疗靶点.本文通过总结tRF&tiRNA不同亚型的来源、结构、生物学特征及功能,探讨其与肿瘤的潜在关系及作用机制,以期为肿瘤的早期诊断及靶向治疗提供新思路.

The tRNA-derived fragments (tRF and tiRNA) are a newly discovered type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that has been found to be stably expressed in peripheral blood. Studies have shown that tRF and tiRNA play important roles in human tumors by regulating multiple processes, including gene expression and silencing, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and protein translation. The tissue-speci- ficity, high abundance, and stability of tRF and tiRNA, along with their broad-spectrum functional roles, confer them significant advan- tages for use in the field of oncology research. There is increasing evidence that aberrantly expressed tRF and tiRNA may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. This paper summarizes the source, structure, biological charac- teristics, and functions of different tRF and tiRNA subtypes and explores their potential relationship with tumors and their underlying mechanisms in order to provide a novel idea for the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors.