中国宪法司法适用的空间与路径

The Space and Path of China’s Constitutional Judicial Application

宪法司法适用的核心难题在于,法院在审判过程中确有必要援引宪法,但在职权上却无权适用宪法。克服这一难题需要进行思维转换。宪法的司法适用,是在有必要适用宪法解决争议的案件中,利用宪法体制内的职权协调机制将宪法规则导入审判过程,将有权机关对于宪法的解释和适用与法院审判结合起来,由此绕开法院无权适用宪法的困扰。在此思路下,通过立法监督程序和法院审判程序的衔接,经由基本法律授权而由法院进行的公民政治权利诉讼,以及在行政诉讼中将法院的合法性审查从规范性文件扩展到地方政府规章,构成中国宪法司法适用的三个可行路径。

The core problem of the constitutional judicial application lies in that the court does need to invoke the constitution during the trial,but it has no right to apply the constitution in terms of the scope of functions and powers.To overcome this problem,we should change our thought.The judicial application of the constitution,in the case where it is necessary to apply the constitution to solve disputes,uses the coordination mechanism of functions and powers within the constitutional system to introduce the constitutional rules into the trial process,combines the interpretation and application of the constitution by authority with the trial by the court,and thus avoids the trouble that the court has no right to apply the constitution.In this way,three feasible approaches to the judicial application of China s constitution are constituted by the connection between the legislative supervision procedure and the court trial procedure,the civil and politic rights litigation conducted by the court through the authorization of basic laws,and the extension of the legitimacy review of the court from normative documents to local government rules in administrative litigation.