接触介质对电焊熔渣宏观特征影响研究

Study on the Influence of Ignition Medium on the Characteristics of Weld Slag Trace

电焊作业喷溅出电焊熔渣,掉落至下方可燃物,易引发火灾。模拟电焊过程,下方放置具有不同硬度和热惯性的物质,视频记录焊渣引燃情况,测量焊渣直径,用体视显微镜观察焊渣痕迹特征。结果表明,接触瓷砖等坚硬不燃物时,焊渣直径d≤2 mm,呈光滑规则球形,有金属光泽;接触介质可燃时,焊渣直径1 mm≤d≤4 mm,形状不规则,表面凹凸不平。焊渣引燃泡沫塑料类材料后,表面有红色和黄色的斑点;引燃木屑后,出现花瓣型和豆荚型等特殊形状;引燃脱脂棉后,表面粘附发黄的棉纤维丝。研究结果为鉴定电焊熔渣,认定电焊作业引发火灾提供理论依据。

The welding slag spraying out during the welding operation can easily cause fire when falling to the flam-mable materials below.This experiment simulates the operation process of electric welding.Substances with different hardness and thermal inertia are placed below the welding operation point.The ignition of welding slag is recorded by camera,the diameter of welding slag is measured,and the characteristics of welding slag trace are observed by stereo microscope.The results show that when contacting with the hard non-combustible materials such as ceramic tiles,the diameter of welding slag is less than 2 mm,which is smooth and regular spherical with metallic luster.When contacting with flammable medium,the diameter of welding slag ranges from 1 mm to 4 mm,the shape is irregular,and the surface is uneven.After igniting plastic foam,there are red and yellow spots on the surface of welding slag.After igniting sawdust,the shape of the welding slag is similar to that of petals and pods.After it igniting defatted cotton,yellowish cotton filaments adhere to its surface.The research results provide a theoretical basis for identifying welding slag and identifying the fire caused by welding operation.