中国刑事附带民事诉讼的局限性及其完善

Limitations of the System of Criminal Incidental Civil Action and Its Improvement in China

被害人作为刑事案件中权利受到侵犯的主体,其民事权利可通过刑事附带民事诉讼或者另行提起民事诉讼予以保障。基于维护法治统一性的要求,中国采取刑事附带民事诉讼制度保护被害人的民事权利,但在司法实践中难以发挥积极作用,偏离了刑事附带民事诉讼制度设计的初衷。因此,应当从理论上论证刑事案件犯罪行为人民事责任的正当性,明确附带民事诉讼的受案范围、民事赔偿标准及其对刑罚的影响等问题,探讨国家刑罚权、被害人民事权利保护及犯罪行为人权利保障的有机统一,完善中国刑事附带民事诉讼制度。

As the subject whose rights are infringed in criminal cases,the victim's civil rights are guaranteed through criminal incidental civil action or a separate civil action.Based on the requirement of maintaining the unity of the rule of law,China adopts the system of collateral civil action to protect the civil rights of victims.However,it is difficult to play a positive role in judicial practice,which deviates from the original intention of designing the system of criminal incidental civil action.Therefore,this article theoretically demonstrates the legitimacy of perpetrators' civil liability in criminal cases,clarifies the scope of accepting cases,the civil compensation standard and its impact on the penalty in criminal incidental civil action,and discusses the organic unity of state penalty power,the victims' civil right protection and the perpetrators' right protection,so as to improve the system of criminal incidental civil action in China.