正义的多维面向及其内在统一:关于休谟与斯密的笔记

The Multidimensional Facets of Justice and Their Internal Unification: On the Notes of Hume and Smith

休谟和斯密关于正义源泉的论述中,存在着一条效用—美感—快乐—德性—正义的逻辑链条,并且情感扮演着比理性更重要的角色。休谟更关注作为互惠的正义,斯密则强调作为不偏不倚的正义,二者之间是互补和统一的。通过社会中的约定等途径实现正义,两位伟大的思想家尤其是休谟揭示出一些关键理念,可视为现代博弈论和制度设计中的纳什均衡与激励等思想的先导。

In Hume and Smith's treatise on the origin of justice,there exists a logical chain from utility to aesthetic feeling,happiness,virtue and finally the justice,and passion plays a more important role than rationality.Hume pays more attention on justice as mutual advantage,while Smith emphasizes justice as impartiality,in fact,these two kinds of justice are complementary and can be unified.To realize justice through ways such as conventions in society,these two great thinkers especially Hume bring to light some key ideas,which can be regarded as the precursors to Nash equilibrium and incentive in modern game theory and institution design.