伊朗政治现代化进程中的政治秩序——读《变化社会中的政治秩序》

The political order in the process of Iran’s political modernization: A review of Political Order in a Changing Society

区别于经济发展带来民主的传统现代化理论,亨廷顿在《变化社会中的政治秩序》一书中提出了以政治秩序稳定为优先的现代化变迁道路来解释现代化过程中出现的“失败国家”。围绕“政治秩序”这个概念,亨廷顿提出并解释了现代化过程中需要注意的问题,以及政治参与、制度化、政党等重要概念。对比之下,可以说是此书理论非常适用于伊朗国情。经历了腐败、暴力、“国王困境”等现代化国家问题的伊朗,开始了以政治秩序为首要关注的伊朗伊斯兰共和国时期。政教合一的权力集中模式,虽然使伊朗政治社会趋于闭塞,发展缓慢,但从另一方面来讲,也是伊朗政治稳定的关键。

Different from traditional modernization theory that democracy follows the development of economy,Huntington put forward the road of modernization with the stability of political order as the priority to explain the"failed state"appearing in the process of modernization in his book Political Order in a Changing Society.Focusing on the concept of"political order",Huntington put forward and explained the problems we might face in the process of modernization as well as some important concepts such as political participation,institutionalization and political parties.According to this book,Iran can be regarded as a very applicable object.After having experienced the problems of corruption,violence and "King's Dilemma",Iran began the periodof the Islamic Republic of Iran with political order as its primary concern.Although the centralization mode of power with the unity of politics and religiontends to block the society and hinder Iran’s development,it is the key toIran's political stability from another point of view.