试论朱子的礼俗观——以《家礼·昏礼》为例

Zhu Xi’s Idea of Courtesy and Vulgarity as Exemplified by The Family Rituals And Marriage Rituals

礼与俗的关系,是礼学思想落实于社会生活实践所要面临的基本问题。面对古礼繁琐难行,俗礼有违经义等现实问题,朱子重新制定《家礼·昏礼》以重整夫妇之大伦。首先,立足于古礼之基本精神,朱子大幅删减婚礼的繁文缛节;其次,严厉批评民间流于轻浮的鄙俚婚俗,但也酌情吸纳其中不害义理的仪节。最终,既契合古礼精神又切于人伦日用的《家礼·昏礼》在民间社会广泛流行开来,并由私家礼仪逐渐上升为国家的婚姻之礼。朱子通过“以礼化俗”的方式,使得儒家礼仪落实于百姓的日常生活,进而实现化民成俗的目标,这对于当今重建儒家礼仪文明与人伦价值有着重要的借鉴意义。

Courtesy and coarse are fundamental issues when the ideas of courtesy and vulgarity are put into practice in social life.Common people and scholars become the main subject of ritualistic practice.Zhu Xi made necessary adjustments to the old rituals that do not fit contemporaneous times in the book of Family Rituals And Marriage Rituals so as to restore the relationship between the husband and wife.First Zhuxi greatly reduced the over-complicated marriage rituals.He also criticized severely the vulgar etiquettes and customs that was popular then in the common families while absorbing some reasonable etiquettes.At last,the Family Rituals And Marriage Rituals became suitable to the old courtesy and suitable to the daily life,so it became so popular that it elevated from private etiquettes to national etiquettes.Through a process of simplification and absorption of common rituals,Zhu Xi made the over-complicated rituals on marriage suitable for the public which can make significant contribution to the reconstruction of the confucian courtesy and ethics.