基于遗传算法的极短弧段天基轨道确定方法

Orbit Determination of Space Targets with Short Arcs Based on Genetic Algorithm

天基光学观测系统采用恒星跟踪模式监视空间目标时获取的观测弧段极短,在极短弧段观测条件下,经典的轨道确定方法会由于求解方程的本征病态无法得到合理解。针对该问题,文章采用遗传算法对空间目标极短弧段轨道确定问题进行优化求解,建立了基于遗传算法的空间目标初始轨道参数求解的运算模型,并利用空间目标的分布特性进行分区域计算,从而有针对性地缩小搜索范围,提高了计算效率并避免解收敛到局部最优值。仿真试验表明:该方法能够利用天基极短弧段观测数据正确估计空间目标初始轨道参数,定轨精度优于Gauss法与采用观测斜矩作为优化变量的方法。此方法为精密定轨提供有效初值,提高多个短弧段之间的关联性,由此可为天基光学观测平台的空间目标监视、跟踪以及编目任务提供参考。

Due to the extremely short observation arc obtained by the space-based optical visibility system using the stellar tracking mode to monitor space target,the classical orbit determination method cannot be understood because of intrinsic morbidity of the solved equation under the condition of extremely short arc observation.Aiming at this problem,the genetic algorithm is applied to optimal solve the problem of orbit determination of space target with extremely short arcs.The calculation model of the initial orbit parameter of space target based on genetic algorithm is established,and the distribution characteristics of space targets are used to calculate the sub-region therefor narrowing the search range to improve the calculation efficiency and avoids convergence to local optimal solution.Simulation results show that this method can accurately estimate the initial orbit parameters of the space target by using the space-based extremely short arc observation data,and its orbit determination accuracy is better than Gauss method and the method using the observed skew moment as the optimization variable.This method can not only provide an effective initial value for precise orbit determination but also improve the correlation between multiple short arcs,which provide reference for space target monitoring,tracking and cataloging of space-based optical observation platform.