深水航道桥梁防船撞方法

Protection of Bridge Piers Against Ship Collision in Deep Water Channels

针对5万~10万吨级船舶在长江下游航道、珠江口伶仃洋航道、虎门航道、湛江港航道、象山港航道及一些沿海港湾和岛屿之间航道航行时遇到的“桥梁防船撞”问题,概括30年来航道桥梁防船撞方法研究可以得出以下结论:若水深较浅或有礁石可利用,则选择间接式桥梁防撞装置;若水深较深,则选择直接式桥梁防撞装置。已研发出的采用钢丝绳防撞圈支撑外钢围的柔性防船撞装置属于直接式桥梁防撞装置,与以往的同类装置相比,该装置能降低传到桥墩的船撞力,成倍提高桥墩的抗撞能力,在保护桥梁的同时保护船。该装置可长期使用,且不会破坏航道,已在能通行5万吨级船舶的湛江海湾大桥和象山港大桥等桥梁上得到应用。

This paper analyses the“anti-ship-bridge-collision”methods used in the past 30 years to solve the problem of protecting bridge piers against ship collision caused by 50 000 to 100 000 tonnage ships sailing in Yangtze River downstream channels,Ling Ding Yang Channel of the Pearl River estuary,Hu Men Channel,Zhan Jiang Bay Channels,Xiang Shan Port channel and the channels between some costal harbors and islands.The analysis comes to a conclusion that indirect anti-collision devices could be used when the water is shallow or there are rocks;and direct anti-collision devices should be chosen if the water is deep.The“flexible anti-collision device with a steel wire ring to support the steel periphery of piers”is a kind of direct anti-collision device.Compared with other existing devices,this new device can reduce the collision force acting on the bridge piers,double increase the pier’s collision resistance ability,and protect both the bridge and the ship at the same time.In addition to this,the device has a long service time without obstructing the channels.It has already been applied to bridges in Zhan Jiang Bay and Xiang Shan Port,where 50 000 tonnage ships pass through.