湖南沅水流域传统村落选址及村落景观研究

A Study of Location and Landscape of Traditional Village in Yuanshui River Watershed in Hunan Province

文章以湖南沅水流域的传统村落作为研究对象,在实地调研的基础上,探讨传统村落的选址特征,梳理传统村落的景观类型和特点。研究结果表明:村落选址有着“逐水而居”的偏好,大致可分为“临水据山型”“临水依山型”和“临水离山型”,不同择址条件下的村落规模、格局等发展存在差异;在依山傍水的环境下,人们通过世代经营开拓,形成了富有地域特色的村落景观,包括临水景观、农作景观、建筑景观和山林景观。

This paper takes the traditional villages located in the Yuanshui River watershed,Hunan Province,to do a field investigation,and discusses the location characteristics and concludes the landscape types and characteristics of these villages based on the investigation results.The research shows that the villages in there show the preference of“living by water”when choosing the location,which can be divided into three types,i.e.the villages standing in front of river and on the mountain,the villages standing in front of river and against mountain,and the villages facing rivers.The villages with different locations present the development variability in village size,pattern,etc.Facing rivers and leaning against mountains,the villages shape their own landscape with strong regional characteristics after people's hard work for years,including waterfront landscape,farming landscape,architectural landscape and mountain landscape.