论个人信息的保有权能：从该权能的存废展开

On the Personal Information Owning Right:From the Existence and the Abolition of This Right

个人信息的保有权能引发了存废之争,核心争议点在于信息的公共物品属性能否推翻知情同意规则以及该规则的虚置困境带来的价值反思。信息的公共物品属性不必然否定排他性权利。信息保有权能的客体仅限于敏感信息,其伦理基础在于保护以尊严为核心的人格利益。将非敏感信息作为公共信息而否定信息主体的保有权能有利于实现效率价值,且符合公平观念。私密性并非信息保有权能的确定标准,因为私密性标准无法实现个人信息权的制度目的。知情同意规则的虚置困境虽然无法完全突破,但是可以寻求缓解。具体思路是提高信息主体的信息能力和信息处理者的违法成本,降低信息相关方的交易成本和信息处理者的违法风险。

The owning right of personal information has caused the dispute on retention or abolition,which core contention is whether the public goods attribute of information can overturn the informed-consent rule and the value reflection brought by the virtual dilemma of the rule.The public goods attribute of information negate the exclusive right unnecessarily.The object of information owning right is limited to sensitive information,and its ethical basis lies in the protection of personality interests with dignity as the core.Keeping non-sensitive information as public information and denying the owning right of them can be beneficial to realize efficiency value and conform to the concept of fairness.Privacy isn’t a standard of information owning right,because privacy standards cannot achieve the institutional purpose of personal information right.While the virtual dilemma of the informed-consent rule can’t be completely broken,it can seek ways to relief.The concrete idea is to improve the information ability of information subject and the illegal cost of processing person,reduce the transaction cost of information related party and the risk of illegal processing.