农村居民点空间分布特征及环境因素分析——以五常市北部地区为例

Spatial Distribution and Environmental Factors of Rural Residential Areas:A Case Study of North Wuchang City

农村居民点空间分布特征及环境影响因素分析是乡村重构的重要依据,也是乡村地理学重点的研究内容之一。从规模、密度、形状的组合类型角度出发,利用几何平均法和地理探测器模型,以五常市北部地区6个乡镇为研究对象,研究分析环境因素对农村居民点空间分布的影响机制,综合考虑了单个因素的影响作用和因素之间的影响作用。研究区农村居民点规模分布呈西高东低,密度分布呈“大散居,小集聚”和“星团式”,形状指数大小呈空间条带分布,主要受坡度、交通主干道、中心城镇影响作用。研究区内越是靠近水源、中心城镇、交通主干道的农村居民点规模越大、密度越高、形状越是多变,地势起伏较大地区农村居民点规模小、密度低,但形状较规则。研究区农村居民点空间分布受经济区位因素影响力大于自然因素,且任意两两因素具有显著非线性增强作用,研究区农村居民点分布是多种因素综合作用的结果,特征显著。

The analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural residential areas is an important basis for the realization of rural reconstruction and is also one of the important research contents of rural geography.From the perspective of the combined types of scale,density,and shape,using the geometric averaging method and the geographical detector model,taking the six townships in the northern part of Wuchang City as the research object,this paper takes the influence of individual factors and the influence of factors into account to analyze the influence mechanism of environmental factors on the spatial distribution of rural residential areas.The size of the rural settlements is high in the west and low in the east,the density distribution is“large dispersion,small clustering”and“cluster type”,the size of the shape index is spatially distributed,which is mainly affected by the slope,main traffic roads,and central towns.The rural settlements in the study area are closer to the water source,the central town,and the main roads of the traffic are larger in size,higher in density,more varied in shape.And the rural settlements in the large areas with undulating terrain,small scale,low density,but more regular in shape.The spatial distribution of the rural settlements in the study area is more affected by economic location factors than natural factors,and any two factors have a significant non-linear enhancement effect.The distribution of the rural settlements in the study area is the result of the comprehensive effect of many factors.