创造智慧的研究性艺术：以法国蓬皮杜中心的《史前史》展览为例

Creating Wisdom: Research-Oriented Art & “Prehistory: A Modern Enigma” Exhibition at the Pompidou Center in Paris

研究性艺术指以研究为导向的艺术,其最终目的不是生产作品和知识,而是通过运用艺术智能来思考和解决问题,并且创造以审美为基础的艺术的智慧。在当代艺术成为参与式、社会实践和社会工作的趋势中,要理解艺术家的工作就需要理解创造智慧的研究性艺术。艺术与研究主要有三种关系:作为科学研究的艺术技术;关注人的经验和世界的艺术研究;超越人类中心主义的创造智慧的研究性艺术。本文用法国蓬皮杜中心2019年的展览“史前史:一个现代之迷”为例来阐释“史前史”不仅是科学、历史叙述和流行文化的概念,而且也是现代和当代艺术的一个比喻。在研究性艺术中的史前史打破了人的思维与物的世界之间的相互依存关系,消解了理想主义和实在主义在知识上的区分,最终表达了人的智慧的价值不是被动的知识内容,而是主动的知道行为。

Research-oriented art refers to a kind of research-creation that deploys artistic technics to think of and solve problems.It does not aim at producing art objects and knowledge;instead,it creates wisdom as the aesthetic spirit of art.As contemporary art becomes participatory,socially engaged,and/or social practice,understanding research-oriented art is a necessarily part of the aesthetic work of the artist.Three major areas express the relationship between art and research:art as a tool in scientific research;art research on human experiences and their life worlds;and the postanthropocentric research-oriented art.Focusing on“Prehistory:A Modern Enigma”(2019),a major exhibition at the Pompidou Center in Paris,the article examines the category of“prehistory”as an example of research-oriented art.Prehistory is not merely a concept used in sciences,historiographies and popular cultures since the 19th century,it is also a metaphor in modern and contemporary art.Prehistory in a researchoriented artwork breaks down the correlation between the mind and the world,resolves the epistemological distinction between idealism and realism,and ultimately expresses an essential value of human intelligence not as what it knows but the active knowing itself.