乡村振兴与脱贫攻坚的对接:逻辑转换与实践路径

Bridging Poverty Alleviation with Rural Revitalization: Logical Transitions and Practical Paths

在决胜脱贫攻坚后如何顺利实施乡村振兴战略是当前亟待解决的重大理论与实践问题。乡村振兴的整体性、长期性与脱贫攻坚的局部性、紧迫性之间的客观差异,导致两大战略的对接面临较大挑战。因此,在系统认识脱贫攻坚战略要义与准确把握乡村振兴战略定位的基础上,实现政策指向由“特惠定制”面向“全民普惠”、战略主体由“特困群众帮扶”转向“精英培植”、产业发展由“快速脱困”定位“可持续发展”、文化建设聚焦更高标准的“乡风文明”四个维度上的逻辑转换,才能破解乡村振兴对接脱贫攻坚的困境。而在乡村振兴与脱贫攻坚对接的过渡时期,虽然脱贫攻坚为乡村振兴做好了基础性准备,但脱贫攻坚引发的乡村新矛盾与高返贫风险等挑战依然存在,必须处理好分配矛盾以促进平等共享、构建脱贫后续可持续的发展机制,才能推动脱贫攻坚向乡村振兴的平稳过渡。

Currently one issue of great theoretical and practical significance is how to go on with implementing the strategy of rural revitalization when poverty has been alleviated.While rural revitalization is an overall long-term strategy,poverty alleviation is a locally-oriented short-term strategy.Such disparities pose great challenges when we move from one stage to the other.Therefore,in addition to a right understanding of the meanings and significance of the two strategies,a switch of logic on four dimensions is necessary,so that the gap between the two can be bridged.Firstly,“the preferential policy”beneficial only to limited numbers and particular regions need to give way to an“all-in policy”according to which all the people can enjoy the benefits.Secondly,strategic priority needs to be switched from“helping individuals in bad need”to“training elites”.Thirdly,at the level of industry,rapid growth needs to be replaced by sustainable development.Fourthly,for cultural construction,higher demands and requirements are needed.Although the project of poverty alleviation has laid a solid foundation for the upcoming cause of rural revitalization,it left behind new contradictions and challenges such as the risk of sliding back to poverty.Therefore,successful transition requires the construction of a working mechanism that can not only ensure fairer distribution of resources and benefits but also support sustainable development.