国产农机装备质量评价研究——基于华中地区农户调查数据的分析

Study on Quality Evaluation of Domestic Agricultural Machinery Equipment:An Analysis Based on the Farmer Survey Data from Central China

提高国产农机装备质量是我国农机制造由大到强的必要条件。本文在总结我国农机装备制造业发展现状和存在问题的基础上,突出调查研究,利用来自华中地区的农户调查数据,从硬件质量、适用性和操作便利性、作业效果三个方面考察农户对国产农机装备质量的主观评价。结果显示,农机户对国产大中型农机装备钢材质量、发动机质量、耗油量和故障频率的满意度显著低于非国产品牌;不足一半的农机户对国内外大中型农机装备地块匹配度、驾驶员匹配度、遮阳挡雨效果持满意态度;农户对国产农机装备作业速度、作业无遗漏、节省要素的满意度偏低。最后提出组建农机装备核心技术和关键零部件克难攻坚“国家队”、搭建以企业为主体的长效技术创新体系、抢抓智能化和绿色化农机装备研发、重构高等院校农机学科体系等对策建议。

Improving the quality of domestic agricultural machinery is crucial for China’s agricultural machinery manufacturing to become stronger.This study summarizes the status quo and existing problems of agricultural machinery manufacturing in China and focuses on empirical study.Based on the data collected from farmer surveys in Central China,farmers’subjective evaluation on the quality of domestic agricultural machinery is investigated from the aspects of hardware quality,applicability and operation convenience,as well as operation effect of the machinery.The results suggest that farmers’satisfaction with steel quality,engine quality,fuel consumption,and failure frequency of domestic large-and medium-sized agricultural machinery is significantly lower than that of non-domestic agricultural machinery.Less than half of these farmers are satisfied with the machine–land matching degree,machine–driver matching degree,and shading and rainproof effect of both domestic and non-domestic machinery.Moreover,their satisfaction with the operating speed,operating coverage,and factor(i.e.,water,fertilizer,pesticide,and seed)saving effect of domestic agricultural machinery is low.To this end,countermeasures are proposed to improve the quality of domestic agricultural machinery,including building a national team to overcome technical difficulties in key components,establishing a long-term and enterprisecentered innovation system,optimizing the research and development of intellectualized and eco-friendly agricultural machinery,and reconstructing the discipline system for agricultural machinery in universities.