我国牛羊肉产业的发展现状、挑战与出路

Development Status,Challenges,and Solutions of China’s Beef and Mutton Industry

牛羊肉产业在利用农业资源、丰富膳食结构、繁荣农业经济及维护民族稳定等方面具有重要的战略作用。我国牛羊肉产业正从副业生产逐步迈向专业化生产,虽然取得了一些成就,但也面临着供需缺口持续增大、粗饲料资源结构性不合理、牛羊种业发展滞后、外源性竞争加剧等挑战。通过国内外对比分析与趋势判断,笔者提出了推进草畜一体化建设、尽快启动牛羊肉产业关键技术环节的国家重点研发计划、完善育种机制、加强牛羊肉屠宰加工业的发展、加大对西南地区牛羊肉产业的培育力度等战略建议。

The beef and mutton industry plays a strategic role in China in utilizing agricultural resources,improving dietary structure,prosper rural economy,and maintaining national stability.China’s beef and mutton industry has made some achievements and is developing from subsidiary production to specialized production.However,it still faces multiple challenges,such as the enlarging demand-supply gap,an unreasonable structure of coarse fodder resources,underdevelopment of cattle and sheep breeds,and increased external competition.This paper proposes several strategic recommendations based on comparative analysis and trend judgment between China and abroad,including integrating the grassland industry and animal husbandry,initiating national key programs to develop key technical links for the beef and mutton industry,improving the reproduction and breeding system,strengthening the slaughtering and processing industry,and providing support for the beef and mutton industry in Southeast China.