藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展模式研究

Synergetic Mode for Grassland Ecological Management and Animal Husbandry Development in Northern Tibet Plateau

藏北高原是我国重要的生态安全屏障和高原特色畜牧业基地,而高寒草地退化严重制约着其生态和生产功能,给生态保护和畜牧业发展带来了挑战。本文在深入分析藏北高原生态治理与畜牧业发展状况的基础上,探讨了藏北高寒草地生态与生产功能的主要影响因素,提出了藏北高原草地生态治理与畜牧业协同发展的模式体系。研究表明,通过草地生态恢复、优化放牧管理方式、人工牧草种植、低海拔农区种草高海拔牧区养畜的“低草高牧”模式、冬季半舍饲养殖等一系列措施,能够推进高寒草地生态功能提升、促进草地畜牧业转型升级,实现“保护中发展”与“发展中保护”。相关研究将为治边稳藏、保障国家生态安全、增加牧民收入提供战略引导和科技支撑。

Northern Tibet Plateau is an important ecological security shelter for China and a base of animal husbandry with plateau characteristics.However,grassland degradation is threatening the functioning of alpine grasslands and brings great challenges to ecological protection and animal husbandry development.In this study,we analyzed the current situation of ecological protection and animal husbandry development in the Northern Tibet Plateau,summarized the factors affecting the functions of alpine grasslands in this region,and introduced a synergistic mode for grassland ecological protection and animal husbandry development.A series of measures were also proposed to enhance the ecological functions of the alpine grasslands and upgrade the grassland-based animal husbandry,including ecological restoration of degraded grasslands,optimizing grazing management,artificial forage cultivation,developing a“low grass and high grazing”mode(i.e.,planting grass in farming areas of low altitude and raising livestock in pastoral areas of high altitude),and half barn-feeding in winter.This study is hoped to provide scientific and technological support in ensuring national ecological security and increasing income of herdsmen.