蒙东草原地区露天矿土地复垦模式

Land reclamation model of open-pit mine in eastern Mongolia grassland area

基于蒙东寒区土壤和气候条件下的土地复垦,提出了恢复原生土壤土层-乡土植被导入-人工驯化景观植物相结合的主体思路,对复垦土壤的肥力条件、含水保水条件进行研究和试验;首先在土壤结构上恢复了水在重建土壤层中具备较为稳定的毛细作用,对抗寒区旱区的强蒸发作用;其次选用乡土植被进行乔-灌-草立体结合套种,形成了相对稳定的生态群落;最后增加同纬度宿根花卉的引种驯化,以增加景观的立体性和层次感。结果表明:“恢复原生土壤土层-乡土植被导入-人工驯化景观植物”相结合的综合生态复垦模式适用于蒙东草原地区露天矿山生态修复,且在生物多样性和维护成本上有着较好的比对价值。

Based on the land reclamation under the soil and climate conditions in the cold region of Eastern Mongolia,the main idea of restoring native soil layer,introducing native vegetation and domesticating landscape plants was put forward in this study.Through the research and experiment on the fertility and water-holding conditions of reclaimed soil,the capillary effect of water in the soil structure was restored firstly.The strong evaporation in the arid areas of cold-resistant areas;secondly,the combination of tree-shrub-grass intercropping with native vegetation forms a relatively stable ecological community,and finally increases the introduction and domestication of perennial flowers in the same latitude to increase the stereoscopic and hierarchical sense of landscape.The results show that the integrated ecological reclamation model of restoring native soil layer,introducing native vegetation and domesticating landscape plants is suitable for the ecological restoration of open-pit mines in the grassland area of Eastern Mongolia,and has better comparative value in biodiversity and maintenance cost.