宁波市男护士职业发展现状及对策研究

The Present Situation and Countermeasures of the Professional Development of Male Nurses in Ningbo City

目的分析宁波市男护士职业发展现状并提出相应对策。方法采用便利抽样方法对2019年3月~6月宁波市各级各类医院的100名在岗男护士进行问卷调查以及通过立意抽样抽取10名离职男护士进行个体访谈调查,分析男护士职业发展需求、有利及不利因素、医学院校护理专业男护生培养问题。结果共100名男护士,主要集中在年龄26~30岁、本科、正式在编、手术室工作人数最多。男护士职业发展需求量表中得分占前3位的条目分别“被家人认可和接受”“有专科化培训”“得到患者及其家属的肯定”。访谈结果显示,有70%(7/10)选择护理专业的原因是父母代为选择,30%(3/10)选择护理专业是服从调剂。有60%(6/10)离职原因是社会地位低,30%(3/10)离职原因是工作压力大、收入低,10%(1/10)离职原因是没有很好的发展前景。职业发展的有利因素包括自身和他人的职业认同感、专科化培训和管理、个体化职业规划、自我归属感和良好的工作氛围、工作性质稳定、薪资福利待遇好、家庭的支持、自我专业价值的实现、专业能力获得认可、职业心态的成熟等;不利因素包括社会和他人职业偏见、专业能力不被认可、工作付出与收入的不平衡、护士的轮班制度、工作压力大、没有团体归属感、发展空间局限、家庭不支持等。结论宁波市男护士职业发展缓慢,主要是不被家人认可和接受、无专科化培训和得不到患者及其家属的肯定,且受多种因素影响。对于男护士的职业管理需要医院、护理管理者和本人三方的共同努力,应重视对男护士的专科化培养,男护士自身应具备长远的职业发展观,规划好自己的生涯发展之路。

Objective To Analyze the status quo of male nurses'career development in Ningbo and propose corresponding countermeasures.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 100 male nurses at various levels of hospitals in Ningbo from March to June 2019.A sample interview with 10 male nurses was conducted to investigate the career development needs of male nursesfavorable and unfavorable factors,the training of male nursing students in nursing colleges in medical colleges.Results A total of 100 male nurses,mainly in the age of 26 to 30 years old,undergraduate,officially in the editor,operating room the largest number of people.The top three scores in the male nurses'career development demand scale were"recognized and accepted by the family","specialized training"and"accepted by the patients and their families".Interviews showed that 70%(7/10)of the reasons for choosing a nursing profession were parents'choices,and 30%(3/10)of the choice of nursing majors were subject to adjustment.60%(6/10)of the reason for leaving the job is low social status,30%(3/10)is due to high work pressure and low income,and 10%(1/10)of the reason for leaving is that there is no good development prospect.Favorable factors for career development include professional identity of themselves and others,specialist training and management,individualized career planning,self-awareness and good working atmosphere,stable work,good salary and benefits,family support,and self-professional value.The realization,the recognition of professional ability,the maturity of professional attitude,etc.;unfavorable factors include social and other professional bias,professional ability is not recognized,work pay and income imbalance,nurse shift system,work pressure,no sense of belonging,development space limitations,family support,etc.Conclusion The male nurses in Ningbo have a slow career development,mainly because they are not recognized and accepted by their families,have no specialist training,and are not recognized by patients and their families,and are affected by many factors.For the professional management of male nurses,the joint efforts of hospitals,nursing managers and the three parties should be combined.The professional training of male nurses should be emphasized.Male nurses should have a long-term career development concept and plan their career development.