文化尊重与支系尊严 ——基于中缅边境景颇族波拉支系语言生命力的研究

Cultural Respect and Branch Dignity——A study based on the language vitality of Pola branch of Jingpo ethnic group on the China-Myanmar border

普遍来说,人口较少民族易受外界文化冲击,传统文化会更快速地消失。但与之相反,中缅边境仅有500多波拉人使用的波拉语,却表现出极强的生命力。波拉与景颇其他支系的同源异流分化到“识别”为“景颇族”的史实,以及波拉语在境内外波拉人与族源、地缘相近的浪速人之间易于交流的事实表明,在地理区位、居住格局、文化尊重与支系尊严、国家政策等使波拉语得以长期传承的多重因素中,同一村寨或家庭内非波拉人对波拉语的尊重、波拉人对其他语言的尊重,以及波拉人将母语视为支系尊严标识观念下的文化自觉行为,起着更为重要的作用。其基点,便是波拉人与其他支系、其他民族生产生活中的“谁也离不开谁”。

Generally speaking,as ethnic groups with small populations are vulnerable to the effects of external culture shock,their traditional cultures will disappear more quickly.However,the Pola language spoken by the Pola people on the China-Myanmar border,with a population of only more than 500,shows great vitality.With the same origin as other branches of the Jingpo ethnic group,the Pola people have been identified with the“Jingpo nationality”.And the Pola people inside and outside China can easily communicate in the Pola language with each other and with the Langsu people with similar ethnic origin and geographical location.The above facts indicate that many factors have contributed to the enduring vitality of the Pola language,such as geographical location,residential pattern,cultural respect,branch dignity and national policies.Cultural respect and branch dignity have been playing a more important role.In the same village or family,non-Pola people respect the Pola language and the Pola people respect other languages.The Pola people display cultural conscious behaviors under the concept of viewing their mother tongue as the symbol of their branch dignity.