使石头具有石头性：“物”与陌生化叙事理论的拓展

Making the Stone Stoney: “Objects” and the Extension of Defamiliarization Narrative Theory

俄国陌生化理论建构中,“物”扮演了非常重要的作用:陌生化理论的核心是超越日常语言对“物”的表征,让它变得陌生,从而在场于读者思维。如果使用海德格尔的“工具分析”术语,陌生化理论就是要打破语言的惯常用法,让读者能够感知“坏掉的”语言及其表达的事物。但是,陌生化理论似乎满足于让“物”对读者在场,而无意探讨如何让读者感知更为陌生的、深不可测的“物”的真实。思辨实在论以及面向物的哲学(object-oriented ph ilosophy)中关于“物”的论述,可以从两个方面对陌生化叙事理论进行拓展:(1)在叙述视角和叙述声音中消除人类理性痕迹,使“物”超越人类对它进行的镜像式和象征式表征,进入自在自为的真实界;(2)突出“物”的灵性和主体性,使之逃逸人类的操控。这两个方向的拓展都能让读者感受/发现更陌生的“物”。

Objects play an instrumental role in the construction of Russian Defamiliarization theory,the core of which is that art should make objects present in the reader’s mind by transcending the representation of objects in everyday language and making them strange.In Heidegger’s term,defamiliarization means breaking the conventional usage of language and making the reader see and feel the“broken”language and the objects it denotes.One problem with Defamiliarization theory is that it stops at making objects present to the reader without one further step to explore how to make the reader perceive the weirder and more inscrutable reality of objects.Borrowing the key concepts from speculative realism and object-oriented philosophy,this paper will extend Defamiliarization narrative theory in two directions:(1)erasing signs of human reason in the narrative perspective and voice so that objects will transcend their mimetic and symbolic representation and enter the territory of“the Real”where objects are themselves;(2)giving sentience and agency to objects so that they can re-act to human beings.The two directions,as is argued,will help the reader perceive or find things in a more defamiliarized way.