水色和透明度对循环水养殖凡纳滨对虾生长及生理指标的影响

Effects of water color and transparency on growth and physiological indexes of Litopenaeus vannamei in recirculating aquaculture

通过研究不同水色及透明度对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的生长性状和生理应激指标的影响,为循环水对虾养殖系统适宜的水色和透明度调节提供参考。通过添加不同的色素将池水调节成绿、蓝、黄3种水色,设置20cm、40cm、60cm和80cm 4种不同梯度的透明度试验组,以过滤后透明度大于100cm的海水作为对照组。选取初始体质量为(1.86±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾2 340尾,按每池60尾随机平分为13组,每组3个重复,进行为期2个月的养殖试验。结果显示:对虾在绿色水色透明度为60cm条件下增重率和特定生长率高于其他水色试验组和对照组,但存活率以对照组最高。绿色和蓝色水色在不同透明度条件下,对虾的肾上腺素(E)和皮质醇(COR)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力均与对照组无显著差异,表明这两种水色不会引起对虾的应激反应和氧化损伤。在黄色水色条件下对虾的肾上腺素和皮质醇高于其他组,且随着透明度增加有升高的趋势,表明黄色水色会对对虾产生一定的应激反应;而且其SOD活力显著低于其他试验组和对照组,表明黄色水色对对虾的免疫性能造成影响,降低其抗氧化能力。研究表明:在循环水试验系统中不宜将水色调节为黄色,但清水及绿色和蓝色水色对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和生理应激反应不造成负面影响。

Effects of different water color and transparency on the growth traits and physiological stress indexes of Litopenaeus vannamei were studied to provide reference for the suitable water color and transparency adjustment of recirculating aquaculture system of shrimps.The pool water was adjusted to green,blue and yellow by adding different pigments,test groups with transparency of 20 cm,40 cm,60 cm and 80 cm were set,and seawater with transparency after filtering above 100 cm was taken as the control group.After selecting 2340 tails of Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight of(1.86±0.02)g,they were randomly divided into 13 groups based on 60 tails per pool,with 3 replicates in each group,for a 2-month aquaculture experiment.The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of shrimp in the green water with transparency of 60 cm were higher than those in test groups and control group with other water colors,but the survival rate of the control group was the highest.In green and blue water with different transparency,the epinephrine(E),cortisol(COR),CAT activity and SOD activity of the shrimp were not significantly different from those in the control group,indicating that the two water colors would not cause stress and oxidative damage to the shrimp.In yellow water,the E and COR of the shrimp were higher than those in other groups,and increased with the increase of transparency,which indicated that yellow water could produce certain stress to the shrimp.Its SOD activity was significantly lower than that in other groups and the control group,indicating that the yellow water would affect the immune performance of the shrimp and reduce its antioxidant capacity.The study shows that it is not appropriate to adjust the water color to yellow in the circulating water test system,but the growth performance and physiological stress of Litopenaeus vannamei in clear water and green and blue water are not adversely affected.