远洋围网捕捞装备的自动化集成控制

Automatic integrated control of ocean purse seine fishing equipment

中国远洋围网装备由于缺少自动化技术支撑,因而围网作业效率低,人工成本高,围网渔船整体性能仍处于较低的水平。基于围网作业工艺流程,开展成套装备性能匹配技术研究,阐述了关键设备结构设计、液压系统动力规划与电气控制系统工作原理,集成液压负载敏感控制技术与机电液一体化技术,合理化布局围网作业功能区域,研制鱼类围捕起运成套高效作业装备,研发捕捞系统装备自动化控制系统,实现了绞车收放与渔具渔法协同控制的目的。船舶航行试验和设备联合试验表明整个起放网作业时间不超过30 min,整个渔捞作业过程由原先10~14人缩减为6人,验证了自动化集成控制系统的协调性、可靠性与高效性,大大提高了远洋围网渔船捕捞效率与作业水平。

The efficiency of purse seine operation is low and the labor cost is high because of the lack of automation technology support in ocean purse seine equipment of China.The overall performance of purse seine fishing vessel is still at a low level.Based on the purse seine operation process,the research on performance matching technology of complete equipment is carried out,the structure design of key equipment,the power planning of hydraulic system and the working principle of electrical control system are elaborated,the hydraulic load-sensitive control technology and electro-hydraulic integration technology are integrated,the layout of purse seine operation functional areas is rationalized,and the complete set of efficient operating equipment for fishing and transportation and the automatic control system for fishing equipment are developed,thus achieving the purpose of cooperative control of winch together with fishing gear and fishing method.The ship navigation test and equipment joint test show that the whole operation time of lifting net is not more than 30 minutes,and the number of the people who join in the whole fishing operation process is reduced from 10-14 to 6.The coordination,reliability and efficiency of the automatic integrated control system are verified,which greatly improves the fishing efficiency and operation level of ocean purse seine fishing vessel.