灵活雇佣与学术资本主义——在美中国高技术移民的依附性困境研究

Flexibility in the Employment Relations and Academic Capitalism: The Dilemma of Highly Skilled Chinese Immigrants in the U. S. Labor Market

随着经济全球化和新自由主义经济的发展,美国劳动力市场结构在过去四十年里经历了巨大的变化。通过对在美中国高技术移民的深度访谈,本研究发现中国高技术移民在美国劳动力市场中面临着诸多结构性限制,而这些结构性限制根源于美国劳动力市场中雇佣关系灵活性的全面增加。更重要的是,中国高技术移民对雇主的依附性更加大了他们的劳动力市场风险。本文指出,随着中国经济的转型升级,全球劳动力市场上资本与劳动力的流动趋势也会相应发生变化。

Due to challenges of economic globalization and the expansion of neoliberalism in the U.S.economy,the structure of the U.S.labor market has undergone dramatic shifts.Based on in-depth interviews with highly skilled Chinese immigrants in the U.S.,this paper reveals that regardless of their work sector,highly skilled Chinese immigrants increasingly become part of the precarious and flexible labor force.More importantly,their dependence on U.S.employers exacerbate the risks they face.The structural constraints that highly skilled Chinese immigrants face in the U.S.,combined with rising economic opportunities in China s labor market,further explain why there has been a growing number of returnees to China.Furthermore,the flow of capital and labor will also change as Chinese economy undergoes further economic transformation and upgrading.