农村集体产权的脱嵌治理与双重嵌入——以珠三角地区40年的经验为例

De-embeddedness and Double-embeddedness of the Rural Collective Property Ownership:Experiences of the Pearl River Delta in the Past 40 Years

农村集体资产是在具体的制度和实践下形成的一种不断变迁的产权形态。本研究以珠三角两城四地改革开放以来的情况为例,介绍两种相反方向的规制约束力量。一方面,政府在充分利用了农村土地之后,逐步推出种种脱嵌治理政策,试图从冲突频发的农村集体产权治理中独立出来。另一方面,农村集体产权的所有者,即农民或者改制后的居民,既通过历史、社会、政治等机制将这一模糊产权嵌入到政治中,让政府并不能轻易离开,又将产权嵌入到乡土社会中,让其无法真正进入市场,从而使农村集体产权长期处于脱嵌与嵌入的双重运动中,与真正意义上的市场保持距离。

Rural collective property ownership is an evolving state of ownership defined in combination by laws and practical circumstances.It is not simply private or public ownership.This paper uses the case of the Pearl River Delta,and demonstrates the 40 years’evolution of rural collective property ownership.In general,there are two sets of restrictive factors that shape the development of rural collective property ownership in opposite directions.On the one hand,the local governments try to de-embed themselves from the rural collective property ownership.On the other hand,the owners of the collective property use historical,social,and political mechanisms to keep collective property ownership embedded in the political structure,as well as the local rural society,so that it does not comply with market rules.