儿童期教育干预与贫困人群的社会流动性提升——来自英国的经验与启示

Intervention of Education in the Early Stage and the Promotion of Social Mobility for the Poor——New Ideas of Poverty Alleviation through Education in the UK

增加社会流动性是消除贫困的重要方式,在儿童阶段即对贫困人群进行干预尤其必要。政府可通过家庭养育和早期教育的政策干预来提升社会流动性,从而达到扶贫目的。本研究分析了英国“社会流动委员会”2017年报告中最新提出的“社会流动的童年起源”理论模型,描述了英国通过调查等手段建立贫困儿童发展状况监测的做法,探讨了英国1997~2017年实施的儿童期教育干预政策及政府未来规划,发现英国政府向来重视对贫困儿童的家庭养育和早期教育投资,为贫困家庭提供减免费用的儿童照料和儿童养育项目,重视贫困地区“幼小衔接”的课程质量,高度关注贫困儿童的语言发展。借鉴英国政府在早期教育监测与干预方面的经验教训,我国政府应加大对早期教育的投入,开展家庭养育行为和儿童行为测量试点,建立儿童成长大数据,加强对家庭养育与家庭教育的干预力度,继续注重对贫困儿童的营养干预。

Intervening among the poor in the early stage of education is of great importance for in-creasing social mobility,which is an important way to alleviate poverty.The government could promote social mobility through intervention policy in parenting and early education so as to achieve the goal of poverty alleviation.This paper analyzes the latest“childhood origins of social mobility”model from the 2017 social mobility Commission report,describes the practice of nationwide monitoring of development for poor children by means of investigation,and discusses the implementation of the early education inter-vention policy for poor children from 1997 to 2017 and the future action plan for the British government.The British government put emphasis on investment in parenting and early education for poor children such as reducing the cost of child care and child education for poor families,emphasizing the quality of courses in the reception year in the poor areas,paying attention to the language development of disadvan-taged children and so on.The experiences and lessons in early education intervention in the UK have en-lightening significance to improve the work of poverty alleviation through education in China.