干预策略嵌入自然环境式早期干预服务模式:实践流程与质量监控

The Early Intervention in Natural Environments Model: Practical Procedures and Quality Monitoring

干预策略嵌入自然环境式早期干预服务模式由理解家庭生态环境、制定功能性干预计划、提供一体化服务、进行有效家访、开展协作式教室辅导等五个实践要素构成,包括绘制家庭生态地图、进行常规活动本位访谈、采用首要服务提供者服务方法、提供支持本位家访服务、采取指导策略进行嵌入教室常规式一体化干预和特殊教学辅导服务等五种具体实践。它规定了收集家庭和儿童信息——确定儿童及其家人的功能性结果(即参与本位目标)——选择服务方式——去家庭和教室服务的实践流程,以提升家长和教师实施嵌入式一体化干预的胜任力与自信心为中介,实现了早期干预服务专业人员、常规照料者与儿童的协同努力,从而保证了每种具体实践的高质量完成。通过必要的培训、辅导和督导提升早期干预服务专业人员的家庭支持能力和教室辅导能力,是该模式有效实施的前提。增进儿童参与常规、独立完成常规、在常规中发展社会关系的能力,提高家长的常规满意度和儿童的教室常规契合度,是通过该模式最终提高儿童和家庭生活质量的关键。

Based on the rationale and practice of routine-based early intervention,McWilliam proposed a model of early intervention in natural environments,which were composed of such components as understanding family ecology,functional intervention planning,integrated services,effective home visits,and collaborative consultation to child care.At the same time,this model suggested corresponding five specific intervention practices accordantly.They were drawing family ecomap,implementing routine-based interview which assessing both targeted child’s and family’s functional participant-based outcomes and family’s satisfaction with their daily routines under family settings or instead the fit of goodness of the targeted child’s functioning and the demands of the routines under community settings to develop their individualized family(classroom)service planning,family consultation and support-based family visits approach including providing emotional and material and informational supports,and integrated therapy and coaching community visits approach.In order to implement the EINE model,related professionals should receive training,coaching and supervising to achieve both the targeted child’s developmental gains in his functional participation and independence and social relationship in routines,and the improvement in his family’s quality of life.Both the integrated preschool placement and the family visit approach of sending coaching strategies into family should be best settings of using this EINEI model in Chinese early intervention field.