不同栽培措施对花叶良姜组培苗移栽成活及生长发育的影响

Effects of Cultivation Measures on Transplanting Survival and Growth of Tissue Culture Seedling of Alpinia zerumbet cv.Variegata

[目的]筛选高成活率及较高生长质量的花叶良姜组培苗育苗方法。[方法]研究基质、水肥、温度等育苗条件对花叶良姜组培苗移栽成活率及生长的影响。[结果]不同移栽基质对花叶良姜组培苗移栽成活及生长的影响不一致,成活率高低排序为轻基质>红壤>细河沙,其中轻基质移栽成活率为100%;不同间隔时间施肥对苗木叶片、苗高、分蘖数的影响差异显著;以每隔7 d喷施0.1%丰叶宝+0.1%KH 2PO 4效果最好;复合肥和叶面肥不同处理中,YF 2(仅施用复合肥水肥)效果好于YF 1(叶面肥与复合肥水肥交替使用),高生长均匀、苗壮、根系发达;在11—12月移栽,移栽成活率较好,可达95%;施水量10 mL/株时移栽成活率最高达100%。[结论]最佳的移栽基质为轻基质(按体积比例为椰糠50%+泥炭土25%+碳化谷壳25%);7 d/次喷施0.1%丰叶宝+0.1%KH 2PO 4混合叶面肥可以较好促进幼苗生长;单独淋施0.1%复合肥15 d/次可较好地促进苗木生长;较适宜的移栽月份为11—12月;较适宜的施水量为10 mL/株。

[Objective]To investigate a method that improving survival rate and high growth quality of tissue culture seedling of Alpinia zerumbet cv.Variegata.[Method]To study the impact of factors such as substrate,water and fertilizer,temperature on survival rate and growth of tissue culture seedling of A.zerumbet.[Result]Different substrate had different effects on transplating survival and growth of tissue culture seedling,the rank of survival rate(from high to low)was light media,red earth and fine river sand,the survival rate reached 100%under the condition of light media;remarkable differences were found in leaf number,height of seedling and tiller number under different fertilization intervals;applying 0.1%Fengyebao+0.1%KH 2PO 4 every seven days could be an optimal treatment;in the treatment of compound fertilizer and foliage fertilizer,YF 2(applying compound fertilizer only)was better than YF 1(applying foliage fertilizer and compound fertilizer interchangeably)with uniformity of growth,strong seedling and developed root system;transplanting within November and December,the survival rate of transplanting was better,reaching more than 95%.The survival rate of transplanting reached 100%when applying water amount of 10 mL per plant.[Conclusion]The best transplanting substrate is the light substrate(50%coconut bran,25%peat soil,25%carbonized rice husk).Spraying mixed foliar fertilizer of 0.1%Fengyebao+0.1%KH 2PO 4 could promote seedling growth.The single application of 0.1%compound fertilizer for 15 d a time could promote the growth of seedlings with good growth,strong seedling and developed root system.The more suitable transplanting month is November and December.The appropriate water amount is 10 mL per plant.