不同糯玉米品种硒富集能力的研究

Research on Selenium Enrichment Ability of Different Waxy Corn Varieties

[目的]研究不同糯玉米品种对土壤硒和外源硒的富集能力,为富硒糯玉米的生产提供理论依据。[方法]8个糯玉米品种同时作2种处理,一种是不作任何处理,一种是叶面喷施外源硒肥处理,每个品种随机套袋3株,混合授粉,授粉后23 d采收鲜穗检测硒含量和养分含量。[结果]8个参试的糯玉米品种中,聚硒系数在2.4%~43.7%,以桂甜糯525、桂甜糯218、佳甜糯858 3个品种聚硒系数最高(为16.3%以上),但总体上玉米籽粒含硒量较低。在叶面喷洒外源硒肥的处理中,玉米籽粒含硒量大幅度提高,各品种硒含量在0.205~0.451 mg/kg,与对照相比,差异达极显著水平,增幅为5.89~78.55倍,各糯玉米品种硒含量均达到富硒食品的标准且在安全范围内。硒肥处理后各糯玉米品种的可溶性糖、淀粉、脂肪、蛋白质等品质指标都有不同程度的改变。[结论]糯玉米在较低硒含量的土壤中聚硒能力低,在不添加外源硒的情况下,很难生产出含硒量较稳定的富硒糯玉米。叶面喷施外源硒肥,可以大幅度提高糯玉米品种籽粒硒含量,是生产富硒糯玉米的一种有效途径。

[Objective]To study the enrichment ability of different waxy corn varieties on soil selenium and exogenous selenium,and provide theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched waxy corn.[Method]Eight waxy corn varieties were treated with two treatments at the same time.One was to do nothing,one was to spray exogenous selenium fertilizer on the leaves.Each variety was randomly bagged with three plants and mixed pollination.Fresh corns were harvested 23 days after pollination for testing selenium content and nutrients content.[Result]Among the eight waxy corn varieties tested,the poly selenium coefficient ranged from 2.4%to 43.7%.Among them,Guitiannuo 525,Guitiannuo 218 and Jiatiannuo 858 had the highest poly selenium coefficient(over 16.3%),but the content of selenium in corn grains was generally low.In the treatment of spraying exogenous selenium fertilizer on leaf surface,the selenium content of maize grain increased greatly.The selenium content of each variety was 0.205-0.451 mg/kg.Compared with the contrast,the difference reached a very significant level,increasing by 5.89-78.55 times.The selenium content of waxy corn varieties reached the standard of selenium-rich food and was within the safe range.After selenium fertilizer treatment,the soluble sugar,starch,fat,protein and other quality indicators of waxy corn varieties changed in varying degrees.[Conclusion]Waxy corn has low selenium accumulation ability in soil with low selenium content.It is difficult to produce selenium-rich waxy corn without adding exogenous selenium.Spraying exogenous selenium fertilizer on the leaves can greatly increase the selenium content in the grains of waxy corn varieties,which is an effective way to produce selenium-rich waxy corn.