中国农村集体经济：70年发展历程与启示

Seventy Years of Development of China’s Rural Collective Economy

本文在分析中国农村集体经济的内涵和特点基础上,将新中国成立70年来农村集体经济的发展历程分为构建期、调整期、转型期、激活期4个阶段。农村集体经济的发展历程表明,要推动农村集体经济健康发展,须以实现和维护农民利益为根本前提,进一步提高集体经济组织的市场竞争力,增强集体经济发展模式创新的可持续性,处理好农村集体经济组织与农民合作社、农户及其他市场主体的关系,跳出“改革—挂牌”的形式逻辑,实质性地推动农村集体经济实现形式和组织形式的创新。未来,要继续深入推进农村集体产权制度改革,加快探索农村集体经济组织特别法人的实现形式,多维度地创新农村集体经济的运行机制,加快消除集体经济“空壳村”、薄弱村,因地制宜地推动农村集体经济振兴,营造有利于农村集体经济发展的政策环境。

Based on an analysis of the theoretical connotation and practical characteristics of rural collective economy in China,this article divides the seventy years of development process of rural collective economy into four stages:construction stage,adjustment stage,transformation stage and activation stage.The evolution of rural collective economy shows that the realization and maintenance of farmers’interests should be the fundamental premise.It would be necessary to improve market competitiveness and enhance the sustainability of innovation of collective economic model,to deal with the relationship with cooperatives,farmers and other market players.There is also a need to jump out of the formal logic of“reform–listing”and substantially promote the innovation of the realization form and organization form of rural collective economy.In order to adapt to the new situation and new requirements of the new era,we should continue to deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system,accelerate the exploration of the realization form of the special legal person of rural collective economic organizations,innovate the operation mechanism of rural collective economy in multiple dimensions,speed up the elimination of villages without or with little collective economy,promote the revitalization of rural collective economy according to local conditions,and create a policy environment which is conducive to promoting the development of rural collective economy.