信息网络犯罪中集体法益保护范围的扩张与限度

The Expansion and Limit of the Scope of Protected Collective Legal Interest in Information and Cyber Crime

学术界常以“信息安全”与“网络空间秩序”作为信息网络犯罪所保护的集体法益,推动了集体法益保护范围的扩张,导致了集体法益与个人法益之间和集体法益与构成要件之间的紧张关系。集体法益内涵的开放性催生了其功能性障碍,其原因在于网络空间中法益侵害风险的社会化、法益保护的主观化以及法益保护义务主体的一般化。以“保护公民个人基本权利”为集体法益的价值基准,可以消解集体法益与个人法益之间的紧张关系;要求集体法益具备现实性并可具体化,可以消解集体法益与构成要件之间的紧张关系。以具备确定、具体内涵的集体法益为基准,以“客观—目的与合宪解释论”为指导,可以厘定信息网络犯罪中集体法益保护范围扩张的规范限度。

The academia often takes"information security"and"the order of cyberspace"as the collective legal interest of information and cyber crime and thus promotes the expansion of the scope of protected collective legal interest,which is embodied as the tension between the collective legal interest and both individual legal interest and the constituent elements of a crime.The openness of the connotation of collective legal interest has fostered its functional obstacles because of the socialization of the risk infringing upon legal interests in cyberspace,the subjectivity of the protection of legal interest and the generalization of the subject undertaking the obligation to protect legal interest.Taking the"protection of citizens'fundamental rights"as the value benchmark of the collective legal interest can bring about the elimination of the tension between the collective legal interest and the individual legal interest;requiring the collective legal interest to be realistic and concrete can bring about the elimination of the tension between the collective legal interest and the constituent elements of a crime.Based on the collective legal interest with clarified and specific connotation,and guided by"the objective-purpose and constitutional interpretation theory",the normative limit of the expanded scope of collective legal interest protected in information and cyber crime can be determined.